Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plant on the Oral Diseases

Main Article Content

Abdulridha Taha Sarhan
Montadher Alaa Abdulabbas
Qasim Abd Al-Hussein
Zahraa Huda
Adnan Mohammed

Abstract





Herbal therapy has long been used to treat and control human diseases including mouth diseases and disorders. Also, it can minimize the potential side effects of chemical drugs. However, may be a side effects appear from plants or herbs therapy. Most of the challenges with herbal therapy revolves around inadequate information about the effect of herbs in the mouth, the mechanism of action, and potential side effects. There are several  herbs and plants described in this paper that have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-disorders and anti-inflammatory in oral cavity. It includes 31 medicinal plants and herbs: Alakata pepper, Aloe vera, Airy shaw, Banana plant, Bird eye view, Bitter leaves, Bush pepper, Camelina, Cashew nut, Castor, Cinnamon, Clove, Common coleus, Common wire weed, Cypress, Fennel, Garcinia, Garden eggplant, Garlic, Ginger, Holy basil, Maca, Mint, Mexican tea, Neem, Okra, Onion, Orange fruits, Purple coneflower, Sunset shrub and Turmeric that act as alternative  management option to current treatments  for oral conditions such as  caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral ulcers. In addition to, inflammation treatment after extraction, reduction dry mouth, pain, anesthesia, ill-fitting dentures. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites most commonly used medicinal herbs and plants in maintaining oral health. They can be used in different forms such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, topical agents or local drug delivery devices. These findings show the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing oral diseases and mouth disorders.





Article Details

How to Cite
Sarhan, A. T. ., Abdulabbas, M. A. ., Al-Hussein, Q. A. ., Huda, Z., & Mohammed, A. . (2023). Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plant on the Oral Diseases. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science, 3(3), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v3-i3-10
Section
Articles

References

I. Chang, A. M. et al. An Ayurvedic herbal extract inhibits oral epithelial cell IL-8 responses to host and bacterial agonists, BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 20(1), p. 62, 2020.

II. Ahmed, S. et al. Effect of tulsi extract and honey mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in comparison with 0.2% of chlorhexidine: A randomized controlled trial , Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, p. 306.

doi: 10.4103/ jiaphd. jiaphd 55,17, 2017.

III. Al-Somaiday, H. M.. et al. Role of Herbal Medicine in Oral and Dental Health; Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants in Iraq/Baghdad, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, pp. 553–560.

doi:10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1857, 2020.

IV. Elheeny, A. A. H. Allium sativum extract as an irrigant in pulpectomy of primary molars: A 12-month short-term evaluation, Clinical and experimental dental research, 5(4), pp. 420–426, 2019.

V. Franco, M. C. et al. The Effect of a Charcoal-based Powder for Enamel Dental Bleaching Operative dentistry. doi: 10.2341/19-122-L., 2020.

VI. Janakiram, C. et al. ‘Effectiveness of herbal oral care products in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 20(1), p. 43.,2020. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 01, 2020.

VII. Jayanti, I. et al. ‘An In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Various Concentration of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract on Periodontal Pathogens’, The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, pp. 1041–1044, 2019. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2639.

VIII. Khatri, S. G. et al. Antiplaque, Antifungal Effectiveness of Aloevera Among Intellectually Disabled Adolescents: Pilot Study, Pediatric dentistry, 39(7), pp. 434–438, 2017.

IX. Kshirsagar, M. et al. Antibacterial activity of garlic extract on cariogenic bacteria: An in vitro study, AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda), p. 165. doi: 10.4103/ayu.ayu,193, 16, 2018.

X. Li, Y. et al. Sealing effects of different Chinese herbal medicines on dentinal tubules: a scanning electron microscopic observation, Ultrastructural pathology, pp. 1–7, 2020.

XI. Mamajiwala, A. S. et al. Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine and cinnamon extract used in dental unit waterlines to reduce bacterial load in aerosols during ultrasonic scaling, Indian journal of dental research: official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 29(6), pp. 749–754, 2018.

XII. Marya, C. M. et al. ‘In vitro inhibitory effect of clove essential oil and its two active principles on tooth decalcification by apple juice’, International journal of dentistry, p. 759618, 2012.

XIII. Megalaa, N. et al. A comparative evaluation of the anti-caries efficacy of herbal extracts (Tulsi and Black myrobalans) and sodium fluoride as mouth rinses in children: A randomized controlled trial, Indian journal of dental research: official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 29(6), pp. 760–767, 2018.

XIV. Morris, J. et al. The Highly Pure Neem Leaf Extract, SCNE, Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Disruption of Pro-tumor Inflammatory Cytokines and Cell Signaling, Frontiers in oncology, 9, p. 890, 2019.

XV. Mustafa, M. W. et al. Effectiveness of an Alcohol-Free Chitosan–Curcuminoid Mouthwash Compared with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Denture Stomatitis Treatment: A Randomized Trial, European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 01, 2195, 2020.

XVI. Nayak, N. et al. Evaluation of a mouth rinse containing guava leaf extract as part of comprehensive oral care regimen- a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 19(1), p. 327, 2019.

XVII. Panchal, V. et al. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon extract, neem extract as irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study’, Indian Journal of Dental Research, p. 124, 2020. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_177_18.

XVIII. Rai, A. et al. Comparative evaluation of curcumin and antioxidants in the management of oral sub-mucous fibrosis, Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry, 10(4), p. e12464, 2019.

XIX. Thakur, A. et al. Charcoal in Dentistry, Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy, pp. 197–209, 2020. doi: 10.1002/9781119618973.ch13.

XX. Zare Javid, A. et al. ‘The effects of ginger supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis under non-surgical periodontal therapy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial’, Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, 12, pp. 1751–1761, 2019.

XXI. Bilge Şener and Mehtap Kiliç, Herbal Extracts Used in Dental Disorders. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 19(1), 2019. BJSTR. MS.ID.003254.

XXII. Kumar, et al. Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health. Antioxidants 10, 1061, 2021,. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox10071061.

XXIII. Muaaz Alkhouli, et al. Efficacy of Aloe-Vera Use for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2020.1727065 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2020.17

XXIV. Joy, P. P. J. et al. “Medicinal plants,” in Tropical Horticulture, T. K. Bose, J. Kabir, P. Das, and P. P. Joy, Eds., vol. 2, pp. 449–632, Naya Prokash, Calcutta, India, 2001.

XXV. Ndenecho, E. N. “Herbalism and resources for the development of ethnopharmacology in Mount Cameroon region,” African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 78–86, 2009.

XXVI. E. A. Palombo, “Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 680354, 15 pages, 2011.

XXVII. R. A. Okunade, The Effect of Local Herbs on Children Oral Health Condition in Omisanjana Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

XXVIII. Sener, B. and Kiliç, M. Herbal extracts used in dental disorders. J. Sci. Tech. Res. 2019, 19, 14107–14111. [Cross Ref]

XXIX. Verma, G. and Sharma, V. A scientific update on Juglans regia Linn. Asian J. Pharm. Res. Dev. 2020, 8, 166–175. [CrossRef]

XXX. Annigeri, R.G. et al. Evaluation of tulasi extract mouthwash in the management of oral candidiasis. J. Adv. Clin. Res. Insights 2018, 5, 30–34. [CrossRef]

XXXI. Al-Dabbagh, et al. Efficacy of Miswak toothpaste and mouthwash on cariogenic bacteria. Saudi Med. J. 2016, 37, 1009–1014. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

XXXII. Carrol, D.H. et al. Antibacterial activity of plant species used for oral health against Porphyromonas gingivalis. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0239316. [CrossRef]

XXXIII. Taalab, M.R et al. Intrapocket application of tea tree oil gel in the treatment of stage 2 periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021, 21, 239. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

XXXIV. Saliasi, I et al. Effect of a toothpaste/mouthwash containing carica papaya leaf extract on interdental gingival bleeding: A randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2660. [CrossRef] [PubMed]